• Perifosine, also known as KRX-0401, is a novel synthetic alkylphospholipid and is a new kind of antitumor agent which targets cell membranes and blocks Akt activation.
• The structure of perifosine is similar to naturally-occurring phospholipids. Perifosine (5 µM) inhibited the growth of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells by 50% in 24 hr and induced cell death in virtually all cells by 48 hr. Kondapaka, S.B., et al. "Perifosine, a novel alkylphospholipid, inhibits protein kinase B activation." Mol. Cancer Ther. 2: 1093-1103 (2003).
• Perifosine inhibits the growth of variant cells, with GI50 values of 1-10 µM for K-562, SUDHL-7, HL-60, PC-3, Colo-205, and MESA-SA (CRL-1976) cells, 11-30 µM for MG-63 (CRL-1427), H-3386, RD (CCL-136), HT-29, MDA-435, SW-620, CCRF-7, H-1355, SAJA-1 (CRL-2098), and DU-145 cells, and >30 µM for MCF-7, Hos (CRL-1543), and LnCAP cells. Kondapaka, S.B., et al. "Perifosine, a novel alkylphospholipid, inhibits protein kinase B activation." Mol. Cancer Ther. 2: 1093-1103 (2003).
• Perifosine reduces Akt activity by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt at both Thr308 and Ser473. Kondapaka, S.B., et al. Perifosine, a novel alkylphospholipid, inhibits protein kinase B activation." Mol. Cancer Ther. 2: 1093-1103 (2003).
• Perifosine inhibited the growth of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers by inducing apoptosis. Perifosine selectively blocks AKT recruitment to the membrane and down-regulates the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream targets, particularly S6, in various tumor cell lines and xenografts. Hennessy, B.T., et al. "Pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy." Clin. Cancer Res. 13: 7421-7431 (2007).
• Perifosine induces significant in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in human multiple myeloma (MM), which is associated with down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation in tumor cells. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a critical role in perifosine-induced apoptosis. Perifosine enhances dexamethasone, doxorubicin, melphalan and bortezomib-induced MM cell cytotoxicity. Hideshima, T., et al. "Perifosine, an oral bioactive novel alkylphospholipid, inhibits Akt and induces in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in human multiple myeloma cells." Blood 107: 4053-4062 (2006).
• No significant clinical activity of perifosine against androgen independent prostate cancer was observed in a phase II study. Posadas, E.M., et al. "A phase II study of perifosine in androgen independent prostate cancer." Cancer Biol. Ther. 4: 1133-1137 (2005).
• Twenty-three patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma received 66 cycles of treatment with perifosine (1 cycle = 4 weeks). The 3 and 6 month progression-free survival was 22% and 9%. Bailey, H.H., et al. "Phase II study of daily oral perifosine in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma." Cancer 107: 2462-2467 (2006).
• In chemical structure terms, perifosine is known as a "betaine" or "zwitterion," which can also be referred to as an "internal salt." These terms are applied to compounds that have a net neutral charge for the entire molecule but which contain both a positively-charged functional group (such as a quaternary ammonium cation in the case of perifosine) and a negatively charged functional group, such as a phosphate or carboxylate anion.
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• This product is offered for R&D use in accordance with (i) 35 USC 271(e)+A13(1) in the U.S.; (ii) Section 69.1 of Japanese Patent Law in Japan; (iii) Section 11, No. 2 of the German Patent Act of 1981 in Germany; (iv) Section 60, Paragraph 5b of the U.K. Patents Act of 1977 in the U.K.; (v) Sections 55.2(1) and 55.2(6) and other common law exemptions of Canadian patent law; (vi) Section 68B of the Patents Act of 1953 in New Zealand together with the amendment of same by the Statutes Amendment Bill of 2002; (vii) such related legislation and/or case law as may be or become applicable in the aforementioned countries; and (viii) such similar laws and rules as may apply in various other countries.
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