• Negative control for studies with PMA (Cat. No. P-1680). Van Duuren, B.L. et al., "Effects of structural changes on the tumor-promoting activity of phorbol myristate acetate on mouse skin." Cancer Res. 39: 2644-2646 (1979).
• Please request Technical Note #13 for additional information.
• 4α-Phorbol Ester Activation of TRPV4 Channels. Though long thought to be a biologically inactive or extremely weak phorbol ester analog (i. e., an ED₅₀ > 25 µM for binding to protein kinase C), 4α-PMA may prove to be a reasonably potent activator of TRPV4 channels, with utility for structure-activity studies of this phenomenon. The supposition of agonist activity for 4α-PMA on TRPV4 channels is based on the potent agonist response elicited by the very similar compound, 4α-PDD, in systems containing human VRL-2 and murine TRP12 channels. Watanabe, H. et al., "Activation of TRPV4 Channels (hVRL-2/mTRP12) by Phorbol Derivatives." J. Biol. Chem. 277: 13569-13577 (2002). See the entry for 4α-PDD (Cat. No. P-2170) for an extensive description of these new and exciting results.
• Chemical Structures. The primary structural difference between 4α-PMA and the highly potent phorbol ester-type PKC activators is the configuration at C4. In the highly active phorbol ester family, the hydroxy group at C4 is in the β configuration, rising up out of the two-dimensional structure as depicted on paper or a computer monitor. The 4-α-phorbol esters such as 4α-PMA, 4α-PDD and 4α-PDBu have the 4-OH group oriented down below the paper or computer screen's two-dimensional plane.
• Nomenclature. Unless "4α" is specified, all "phorbol" compounds are automatically defined, by operation of standard chemical nomenclature conventions, as having the 4β-configuration, as part of the intrinsic meaning of the word "phorbol". This is much like the word "cholesterol", which automatically means that its hydroxy group at carbon 3 is in the β configuration; there is no need to specify "3β-cholesterol", whereas a cholesterol derivative with a 3α hydroxy group would require a "3α-cholesterol" specification. To avoid confusion in this field, it is useful to note that, technically, 4α-PMA is not a "phorbol ester"; it is a "4α-phorbol ester", and the structural differences, though minor overall, are quite significant biologically. Given the extreme differences in their biological properties, both on PKC and TRPV4 channel-based phenomena, efforts to maintain distinctive names for members of these two biologically quite distinct classes of compounds appear to be well justified.
• Sold for laboratory or manufacturing purposes only; not for human, medical, veterinary, food, or household use.

M.W. 616.83
C36H56O8
[63597-44-4]

Storage

Store at or below -20 ºC

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO or ethanol

LC Laboratories 公司提供信号转导，调节蛋白亚细胞定位试剂（抗生素）产品蛋白抑制剂产品。LC Laboratories（LC Labs）公司成立于1980年，一直专注于信号转导，肿瘤以及其他临床前试剂的研究和生产，主要提供抗癌物质、酶抑制剂、激活剂和离子通道试剂。LC Labs公司不但拥有大规模的制备液相色谱纯化能力，也开发和优化了大量的具有自主知识产权的低成本高纯度生成方法，其生产的小分子试剂纯度高、价格低和销量大。1980年，LC Labs是PMA（佛波醇12-豆蔻酸 13醋酸；TPA）的全球主要生产商，36年来的销售量超过150,000瓶；1989年为研究试剂市场提供第一个纯度高价格低的毒萝卜素；1990年提供第一个纯度高价格低的冈田酸；1991年提供第一个纯度高价格低的花萼海绵诱癌素A，并且持续是这种广泛使用的磷酸酶抑制剂的全球主要生产商；1995年提供第一个异构体级别纯度的低价格Gö 6976；1996年提供第一个纯度高价格低的罗霉素A1；2002年提供第一个纯度高价格低的雷帕霉素（抗真菌抗生素）；同年，提供第一个纯度高、价格低的FK-506；2003年提供第一个纯度高价格低的来普霉素B；2004年提供第一个纯度高价格低的星孢菌素；同年，提供第一个纯度高价格低的环巴胺；2007年，LC Labs公司为临床前肿瘤相关研究引入第一组纯度高价格低的常用蛋白激酶抑制剂。